1.Let your PC boot up completely before opening any applications.
2.Refresh the desktop after closing any application. This will remove any unused files from the RAM.
3.Do not set very large file size images as your wallpaper. Do not keep a wallpaper at all if your PC is low on RAM (less than 64 MB).
4.Do not clutter your Desktop with a lot of shortcuts. Each shortcut on the desktop uses up to 500 bytes of RAM.
5.Empty the recycle bin regularly. The files are not really deleted from your hard drive until you empty the recycle bin.
6.Delete the temporary internet files regularly.
7.Defragment your hard drive once every two months. This will free up a lot of space on your hard drive and rearrange the files so that your applications run faster.
8.Always make two partitions in your hard drive. Install all large Softwares (like PSP, Photoshop, 3DS Max etc) in the second partition. Windows uses all the available empty space in C drive as virtual memory when your Computer RAM is full. Keep the C Drive as empty as possible.
9.When installing new Softwares disable the option of having a tray icon. The tray icons use up available RAM, and also slow down the booting of your PC. Also disable the option of starting the application automatically when the PC boots. You can disable these options later on also from the Tools or preferences menu in your application.
10. Protect your PC from dust. Dust causes the CPU cooling fan to jam and slow down thereby gradually heating your CPU and affecting the processing speed. Use compressed air to blow out any dust from the CPU. Never use vacuum. RAM IS THE WORKING AREA (DESKTOP) OF THE CPU, KEEP IT AS EMPTY AND UNCLUTTERED AS POSSIBLE
Sunday, August 3, 2008
Possible "RUN" commands
You can access all these programs by going through START/RUN.
--> SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg
--> System Configuration Editor - sysedit
--> System Configuration Utility - msconfig
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
--> System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot
--> System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
--> System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
--> System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
--> System Information - msinfo32.
--> Task Manager – taskmgr
--> System Properties - sysdm.cpl
--> TCP Tester - tcptest
--> Telnet Client - telnet
--> User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
--> Utility Manager - utilman
--> Windows Address Book - wab
--> Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig
--> Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
--> Windows Explorer - explorer
--> Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
--> Windows Magnifier- magnify
--> Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
--> Windows Media Player - wmplayer
--> Windows Messenger - msmsgs
--> Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
--> Windows System Security Tool – syskey
--> Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr
--> Windows Version (to show which version of windows)- winver
--> Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart
--> Wordpad - write--> Password Properties - password.cpl
--> Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
--> Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl
--> Phone Dialer - dialer
--> Pinball Game - pinball
--> Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl
--> Printers and Faxes - control printers
--> Printers Folder – printers
--> Private Character Editor - eudcedit
--> Quicktime (If Installed)- QuickTime.cpl
--> Real Player (if installed)- realplay
--> Regional Settings - intl.cpl
--> Registry Editor - regedit
--> Registry Editor - regedit32
--> Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone
--> Remote Desktop - mstsc
--> Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc
--> Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc
--> Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc
--> Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl
--> Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks
--> Security Center - wscui.cpl
--> Services - services.msc
--> Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
--> Shuts Down Windows - shutdown
--> Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl
--> Spider Solitare Card Game - spider
--> Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt
--> Microsoft Access (if installed) - access.cpl
--> Microsoft Chat - winchat
--> Microsoft Excel (if installed) - excel
--> Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg
--> Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk
--> Microsoft Paint - mspaint
--> Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
--> Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
--> Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync
--> Minesweeper Game - winmine
--> Mouse Properties - control mouse
--> Mouse Properties - main.cpl
--> Nero (if installed)- nero
--> Netmeeting - conf
--> Network Connections - control netconnections
--> Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
--> Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl
--> Notepad - notepad
--> Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl
--> Object Packager - packager
--> ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
--> On Screen Keyboard - osk
--> Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl
--> Outlook Express - msimn
--> Paint – pbrush
--> Keyboard Properties - control keyboard
--> IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfi/all
--> IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns
--> IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns
--> IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release
--> IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew
--> IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)-ipconfig/registerdns
--> IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid
--> IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid
--> Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl
--> Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws
--> Local Security Settings - secpol.msc
--> Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc
--> Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff.....
--> Accessibility Controls - access.cpl
--> Accessibility Wizard - accwiz
--> Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
--> Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
--> Administrative Tools control - admintools
--> Adobe Acrobat (if installed) - acrobat
--> Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist
--> Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist
--> Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready
--> Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop
--> Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl
--> Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt
--> Calculator - calc
--> Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
--> Character Map - charmap
--> Check Disk Utility - chkdsk
--> Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd
--> Command Prompt - cmd
--> Component Services - dcomcnfg
--> Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
--> Control Panel - control
--> Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl
--> DDE Shares - ddeshare
--> Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
--> Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl
--> Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag
--> Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr
--> Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc
--> Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc
--> Disk Partition Manager- diskpart
--> Display Properties- control desktop
--> Display Properties- desk.cpl
--> Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color
--> Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32
--> Driver Verifier Utility- verifier
--> Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc
--> Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz
--> File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif
--> Findfast- findfast.cpl
--> Firefox (if installed)- firefox
--> Folders Properties- control folders
--> Fonts- control fonts--> Fonts Folder- fonts
--> Free Cell Card Game- freecell
--> Game Controllers- joy.cpl
--> Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc
--> Hearts Card Game- mshearts
--> Help and Support- helpctr
--> HyperTerminal- hypertrm
--> Iexpress Wizard- iexpress
--> Indexing Service- ciadv.msc
--> Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1
--> Internet Explorer- iexplore
--> Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz
--> Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl
Cracking Zip Password Files..
Tut On Cracking Zip Password Files..
What is FZC? FZC is a program that cracks zip files (zip is a method of compressing multiple files into one smaller file) that are password-protected (which means you're gonna need a password to open the zip file and extract files out of it). You can get it anywhere - just use a search engine such as altavista.com.
FZC uses multiple methods of cracking - bruteforce (guessing passwords systematically until the program gets it) or wordlist attacks (otherwise known as dictionary attacks. Instead of just guessing passwords systematically, the program takes passwords out of a "wordlist", which is a text file that contains possible passwords. You can get lots of wordlists at www.theargon.com.).
FZC can be used in order to achieve two different goals: you can either use it to recover a lost zip password which you used to remember but somehow forgot, or to crack zip passwords which you're not supposed to have. So like every tool, this one can be used for good and for evil.
The first thing I want to say is that reading this tutorial... is the easy way to learn how to use this program, but after reading this part of how to use the FZC you should go and check the texts that come with that program and read them all. You are also going to see the phrase "check name.txt" often in this text. These files should be in FZC's directory. They contain more information about FZC.
FZC is a good password recovery tool, because it's very fast and also support resuming so you don't have to keep the computer turned on until you get the password, like it used to be some years ago with older cracking programs. You would probably always get the password unless the password is longer than 32 chars (a char is a character, which can be anything - a number, a lowercase or undercase letter or a symbol such as ! or &) because 32 chars is the maximum value that FZC will accept, but it doesn't really matter, because in order to bruteforce a password with 32 chars you'll need to be at least immortal..heehhe.. to see the time that FZC takes with bruteforce just open the Bforce.txt file, which contains such information.
FZC supports brute-force attacks, as well as wordlist attacks. While brute-force attacks don't require you to have anything, wordlist attacks require you to have wordlists, which you can get from www.theargon.com. There are wordlists in various languages, various topics or just miscellaneous wordlists. The bigger the wordlist is, the more chances you have to crack the password.
Now that you have a good wordlist, just get FZC working on the locked zip file, grab a drink, lie down and wait... and wait... and wait...and have good thoughts like "In wordlist mode I'm gonna get the password in minutes" or something like this... you start doing all this and remember "Hey this guy started with all this bullshit and didn't say how I can start a wordlist attack!..." So please wait just a little more, read this tutorial 'till the end and you can do all this "bullshit".
We need to keep in mind that are some people might choose some really weird passwords (for example: 'e8t7@$^%*gfh), which are harder to crack and are certainly impossible to crack (unless you have some weird wordlist). If you have a bad luck and you got such a file, having a 200MB list won't help you anymore. Instead, you'll have to use a different type of attack. If you are a person that gives up at the first sign of failure, stop being like that or you won't get anywhere. What you need to do in such a situation is to put aside your sweet xxx MB's list and start using the Brute Force attack.
If you have some sort of a really fast and new computer and you're afraid that you won't be able to use your computer's power to the fullest because the zip cracker doesn't support this kind of technology, it's your lucky day! FZC has multiple settings for all sorts of hardware, and will automatically select the best method.
Now that we've gone through all the theoretical stuff, let's get to the actual commands.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bruteforce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The command line you'll need to use for using brute force is:
fzc -mb -nzFile.zip -lChr Lenght -cType of chars
Now if you read the bforce.txt that comes with fzc you'll find the description of how works Chr Lenght and the Type of chars, but hey, I'm gonna explain this too. Why not, right?... (but remember look at the bforce.txt too)
For Chr Lenght you can use 4 kind of switches...
-> You can use range -> 4-6 :it would brute force from 4 Chr passwors to 6 chr passwords
-> You can use just one lenght -> 5 :it would just brute force using passwords with 5 chars
-> You can use also the all number -> 0 :it would start brute forcing from passwords with lenght 0 to lenght 32, even if you are crazy i don't think that you would do this.... if you are thinking in doing this get a live...
-> You can use the + sign with a number -> 3+ :in this case it would brute force from passwords with lenght 3 to passwords with 32 chars of lenght, almost like the last option...
For the Type of chars we have 5 switches they are:
-> a for using lowercase letters
-> A for using uppercase letters
-> ! for using simbols (check the Bforce.txt if you want to see what simbols)
-> s for using space
-> 1 for using numbers
Example:
If you want to find a password with lowercase and numbers by brute force you would just do something like:
fzc -mb -nzTest.zip -l4-7 -ca1
This would try all combinations from passwords with 4 chars of lenght till 7 chars, but just using numbers and lowercase.
*****
hint
*****
You should never start the first brute force attack to a file using all the chars switches, first just try lowercase, then uppercase, then uppercase with number then lowercase with numbers, just do like this because you can get lucky and find the password much faster, if this doesn't work just prepare your brain and start with a brute force that would take a lot of time. With a combination like lowercase, uppercase, special chars and numbers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wordlis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Like I said in the bottom and like you should be thinking now, the wordlist is the most powerfull mode in this program. Using this mode, you can choose between 3 modes, where each one do some changes to the text that is in the wordlist, I'm not going to say what each mode does to the words, for knowing that just check the file wlist.txt, the only thing I'm going to tell you is that the best mode to get passwords is mode 3, but it takes longer time too.
To start a wordlist attak you'll do something like.
fzc -mwMode number -nzFile.zip -nwWordlist
Where:
Mode number is 1, 2 or 3 just check wlist.txt to see the changes in each mode.
File.zip is the filename and Wordlist is the name of the wordlist that you want to use. Remember that if the file or the wordlist isn't in the same directory of FZC you'll need to give the all path.
You can add other switches to that line like -fLine where you define in which line will FZC start reading, and the -lChar Length where it will just be read the words in that char length, the switche works like in bruteforce mode.
So if you something like
fzc -mw1 -nztest.zip -nwMywordlist.txt -f50 -l9+
FZC would just start reading at line 50 and would just read with length >= to 9.
Example:
If you want to crack a file called myfile.zip using the "theargonlistserver1.txt" wordlist, selecting mode 3, and you wanted FZC to start reading at line 50 you would do:
fzc -mw3 -nzmyfile.zip -nwtheargonlistserver1.txt -f50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resuming
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other good feature in FZC is that FZC supports resuming. If you need to shutdown your computer and FZC is running you just need to press the ESC key, and fzc will stop. Now if you are using a brute force attack the current status will be saved in a file called resume.fzc but if you are using a wordlist it will say to you in what line it ended (you can find the line in the file fzc.log too).
To resume the bruteforce attack you just need to do:
fzc -mr
And the bruteforce attack will start from the place where it stopped when you pressed the ESC key.
But if you want to resume a wordlist attack you'll need to start a new wordlist attack, saying where it's gonna start. So if you ended the attack to the file.zip in line 100 using wordlist.txt in mode 3 to resume you'll type
fzc -mw3 -nzfile.zip -nwwordlist.txt -f100
Doing this FZC would start in line 100, since the others 99 lines where already checked in an earlier FZC session.
Well, it looks like I covered most of what you need to know. I certainly hope it helped you... don't forget to read the files that come with the program
What is FZC? FZC is a program that cracks zip files (zip is a method of compressing multiple files into one smaller file) that are password-protected (which means you're gonna need a password to open the zip file and extract files out of it). You can get it anywhere - just use a search engine such as altavista.com.
FZC uses multiple methods of cracking - bruteforce (guessing passwords systematically until the program gets it) or wordlist attacks (otherwise known as dictionary attacks. Instead of just guessing passwords systematically, the program takes passwords out of a "wordlist", which is a text file that contains possible passwords. You can get lots of wordlists at www.theargon.com.).
FZC can be used in order to achieve two different goals: you can either use it to recover a lost zip password which you used to remember but somehow forgot, or to crack zip passwords which you're not supposed to have. So like every tool, this one can be used for good and for evil.
The first thing I want to say is that reading this tutorial... is the easy way to learn how to use this program, but after reading this part of how to use the FZC you should go and check the texts that come with that program and read them all. You are also going to see the phrase "check name.txt" often in this text. These files should be in FZC's directory. They contain more information about FZC.
FZC is a good password recovery tool, because it's very fast and also support resuming so you don't have to keep the computer turned on until you get the password, like it used to be some years ago with older cracking programs. You would probably always get the password unless the password is longer than 32 chars (a char is a character, which can be anything - a number, a lowercase or undercase letter or a symbol such as ! or &) because 32 chars is the maximum value that FZC will accept, but it doesn't really matter, because in order to bruteforce a password with 32 chars you'll need to be at least immortal..heehhe.. to see the time that FZC takes with bruteforce just open the Bforce.txt file, which contains such information.
FZC supports brute-force attacks, as well as wordlist attacks. While brute-force attacks don't require you to have anything, wordlist attacks require you to have wordlists, which you can get from www.theargon.com. There are wordlists in various languages, various topics or just miscellaneous wordlists. The bigger the wordlist is, the more chances you have to crack the password.
Now that you have a good wordlist, just get FZC working on the locked zip file, grab a drink, lie down and wait... and wait... and wait...and have good thoughts like "In wordlist mode I'm gonna get the password in minutes" or something like this... you start doing all this and remember "Hey this guy started with all this bullshit and didn't say how I can start a wordlist attack!..." So please wait just a little more, read this tutorial 'till the end and you can do all this "bullshit".
We need to keep in mind that are some people might choose some really weird passwords (for example: 'e8t7@$^%*gfh), which are harder to crack and are certainly impossible to crack (unless you have some weird wordlist). If you have a bad luck and you got such a file, having a 200MB list won't help you anymore. Instead, you'll have to use a different type of attack. If you are a person that gives up at the first sign of failure, stop being like that or you won't get anywhere. What you need to do in such a situation is to put aside your sweet xxx MB's list and start using the Brute Force attack.
If you have some sort of a really fast and new computer and you're afraid that you won't be able to use your computer's power to the fullest because the zip cracker doesn't support this kind of technology, it's your lucky day! FZC has multiple settings for all sorts of hardware, and will automatically select the best method.
Now that we've gone through all the theoretical stuff, let's get to the actual commands.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bruteforce
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The command line you'll need to use for using brute force is:
fzc -mb -nzFile.zip -lChr Lenght -cType of chars
Now if you read the bforce.txt that comes with fzc you'll find the description of how works Chr Lenght and the Type of chars, but hey, I'm gonna explain this too. Why not, right?... (but remember look at the bforce.txt too)
For Chr Lenght you can use 4 kind of switches...
-> You can use range -> 4-6 :it would brute force from 4 Chr passwors to 6 chr passwords
-> You can use just one lenght -> 5 :it would just brute force using passwords with 5 chars
-> You can use also the all number -> 0 :it would start brute forcing from passwords with lenght 0 to lenght 32, even if you are crazy i don't think that you would do this.... if you are thinking in doing this get a live...
-> You can use the + sign with a number -> 3+ :in this case it would brute force from passwords with lenght 3 to passwords with 32 chars of lenght, almost like the last option...
For the Type of chars we have 5 switches they are:
-> a for using lowercase letters
-> A for using uppercase letters
-> ! for using simbols (check the Bforce.txt if you want to see what simbols)
-> s for using space
-> 1 for using numbers
Example:
If you want to find a password with lowercase and numbers by brute force you would just do something like:
fzc -mb -nzTest.zip -l4-7 -ca1
This would try all combinations from passwords with 4 chars of lenght till 7 chars, but just using numbers and lowercase.
*****
hint
*****
You should never start the first brute force attack to a file using all the chars switches, first just try lowercase, then uppercase, then uppercase with number then lowercase with numbers, just do like this because you can get lucky and find the password much faster, if this doesn't work just prepare your brain and start with a brute force that would take a lot of time. With a combination like lowercase, uppercase, special chars and numbers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wordlis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Like I said in the bottom and like you should be thinking now, the wordlist is the most powerfull mode in this program. Using this mode, you can choose between 3 modes, where each one do some changes to the text that is in the wordlist, I'm not going to say what each mode does to the words, for knowing that just check the file wlist.txt, the only thing I'm going to tell you is that the best mode to get passwords is mode 3, but it takes longer time too.
To start a wordlist attak you'll do something like.
fzc -mwMode number -nzFile.zip -nwWordlist
Where:
Mode number is 1, 2 or 3 just check wlist.txt to see the changes in each mode.
File.zip is the filename and Wordlist is the name of the wordlist that you want to use. Remember that if the file or the wordlist isn't in the same directory of FZC you'll need to give the all path.
You can add other switches to that line like -fLine where you define in which line will FZC start reading, and the -lChar Length where it will just be read the words in that char length, the switche works like in bruteforce mode.
So if you something like
fzc -mw1 -nztest.zip -nwMywordlist.txt -f50 -l9+
FZC would just start reading at line 50 and would just read with length >= to 9.
Example:
If you want to crack a file called myfile.zip using the "theargonlistserver1.txt" wordlist, selecting mode 3, and you wanted FZC to start reading at line 50 you would do:
fzc -mw3 -nzmyfile.zip -nwtheargonlistserver1.txt -f50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resuming
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other good feature in FZC is that FZC supports resuming. If you need to shutdown your computer and FZC is running you just need to press the ESC key, and fzc will stop. Now if you are using a brute force attack the current status will be saved in a file called resume.fzc but if you are using a wordlist it will say to you in what line it ended (you can find the line in the file fzc.log too).
To resume the bruteforce attack you just need to do:
fzc -mr
And the bruteforce attack will start from the place where it stopped when you pressed the ESC key.
But if you want to resume a wordlist attack you'll need to start a new wordlist attack, saying where it's gonna start. So if you ended the attack to the file.zip in line 100 using wordlist.txt in mode 3 to resume you'll type
fzc -mw3 -nzfile.zip -nwwordlist.txt -f100
Doing this FZC would start in line 100, since the others 99 lines where already checked in an earlier FZC session.
Well, it looks like I covered most of what you need to know. I certainly hope it helped you... don't forget to read the files that come with the program
Saturday, July 19, 2008
How To Format USB Drive With NTFS File System
The advantage of NTFS file system is that it is fast and it has got security options. But the problem is that usually the USB drives are small enough that NTFS is not recommended for them. But nowadays the USB drives are coming with larger sizes. So it’s better to format a drive as NTFS than the traditional FAT32 of FAT file systems which have no security at all. Having NTFS file system on the USB drive has an advantage that one can configure the security of the drive so that it is write-able only on one system and becomes read only on all other systems. So you can read and write on your own system and transfer the files elsewhere without the fear of the virus infections etc as the drive becomes read-only in all other systems.
Usually when we want to format the USB drive, only FAT and FAT32 file systems are available for the format. Here is the trick by which you can format the drive with NTFS file system.
- Plug in your USB drive
- Go to Start –> Run –> devmgmt.msc
- Device manager will open up. Expand Disk Drives. Right Click your USB drive and select Properties.
- Go to policies tab and select Optimize for performance.
- Click OK
- Now go to My Computer, right click the USB drive and select Format
- In the File system selection combo, the option of NTFS will be available now
- Select NTFS and click Start.
- Your USB drive will be formatted with NTFS file system. Now you can configure it’s security by right clicking the drive and going to properties –> security tab.
Note: To be always safe with data using NTFS, always safely eject the USB drive. See my article
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